FUEL COMBUSTION WITHOUT FUEL ADDITIVE

A typical burner atomizer produces a spray of fuel oil droplets around 100 microns to 200 microns in diameter, depending on fuel quality and atomizer design. Typically, the larger fuel droplets do not completely burn, leaving unburned carbon to collect on heat transfer surfaces and escape as particulate matter in the exhaust gases. This reduces overall thermal efficiency. The flame produced by this combustion radiates heat to the process tubes and refractory walls.

BURN OUT DWELL TIME IS LONGER WITH A LONGER FLAME WITH HIGH STACK TEMPERATURE

FUEL COMBUSTION WITH FUEL ADDITIVE

Heavy fuel oil treated with F2-21® will transform into high-tech, high-efficient nanotech fuel oil. Inside the fuel tank, F2-21® builds an exceptionally stable three-dimensional structure consisting of extremely small water based nano-clusters (about 3 to 9 nanometers diameter), all evenly distributed within the fuel. When these nanotech liquid fuels begin to burn in the combustion zone, they rapidly absorb heat and literally explode. The “micro-explosions” created by F2-21® improves atomization.

Based on “micro-explosion theory”, these explosions generate many very significant benefits:

• Larger (and still liquid) fuel droplets are broken down into smaller and more readily vaporized sizes.

• Increased turbulence improves localized mixing of the air/fuel vapor.

F2-21 NANO CLUSTERS CONTAIN A WATER BASED CORE RESTRAINED WITHIN A FLEXIBLE MOLECULAR CAGE BUILT FROM SURFACTANT MOLECULES.

BENEFITS OF SECONDARY ATOMIZATION

SHORTER BURNOUT TIME DUE TO SECONDARY ATOMIZATION RESULTING IN SHORTER FLAME AND LOWER STACK TEMPERATURE.

The above illustration shows the effect of secondary atomization in a boiler. This process greatly increases the number and surface area of the fuel droplets in the flame zone. Since the combustion of fuel is a surface reaction, the greater the surface area, the less time it takes to burn out the carbon. This results in overall shorter flame length which reduces the possibility of flame impinging on the back wall of the boiler. This shorter flame length most likely creates the condition favorable to reduced fireside fouling. Shorter flame length allows for a radiant "cool down" period prior to impingement on boiler surfaces, and therefore, theoretically, less adherence. Improved atomization creates smaller particle size complexes which in turn improves the radiant cooling capability.

To give you an idea about the surface area available for combustion with nanotech fuel the following example will be interesting to note:

Once in the fuel tank of 100 litres, 10 ml F2-21 (1:10000) would begin to spread and disperse, slowly building a dynamic, continuously changing, three dimensional lattice type structure constructed from trillions of tiny F2-21 nano-clusters. Using the 80 litre fuel tank as an example, F2-21 fuel additive would create a three dimensional lattice structure built from about 100,000,000,000,000,000,000 individual F2-21 nano-clusters.

Collectively, these nano-clusters would have a total surface area of about 4,000 square feet (or 370 square meters). This whole nanotechnology structure would be constructed from using only about10 ml of F2-21.

Another advantage of the secondary atomization produced by F2-21 due to increased turbulence is a reduction in the air required for combustion because of more thorough mixing of the fragmented fuel droplets and combustion air. Reduced excess air reduces the conversion of fuel sulfur to S0₃.

Reduction in S0₃ conversion also reduces low temperature corrosion and inhibits the formation of acid mist. Flame length and lower excess air should be the key contributor leading to lower fireside fouling.

Other potential benefits of emulsified fuel are:

• Elimination of high cost fireside additives.
• Reduction in nitrogen oxide due to reduced excess air and lower peak flame temperature.   High excess air levels will also result in increased NOx formation because the excess nitrogen and oxygen in the combustion air entering the flame will combine to form thermal NOx.
• Increase in thermal efficiency and heat rate due to reduced fireside deposits and excess air